Brifly explain the following questions each by each according to global trend course:
1.What is terrorism?
2. Explain the deference between terrorism and other crimes.
3. State and deseribe the major causes of terrorism in the contemporary world Era.
4. Diseuss religious fundamentalism and its contribution for the spread of terrorism.
5. What is Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)?
6. Explain the controversy surrounding nuclear proliferation.
7. Discuss the major treaties and conyentions agreed to control Arms proliferation.
8. Explain the different arms control mechanisms used by the international communities.
9. Elaborate the economic challenges of migration for both the sending and receiving states.
10. Discuss how migration and refugee rose to the international agenda.
11. What are the causes of migration from the Horn of Africa in general and Ethiopia in
particular?
12. Mention and discuss the causes of brain drain its effect on the development of a nations
13. What is global commons?
14. Identify and discuss the causes of climate change.
15. Discuss the concept of Agenda 2l and describe its principles or component.
16. What are those international legal instruments established to deal with environmental
problems?
17. Discuss the role of international community towards poverty reduction.
18. What is millennium development goal and discuss those eight millennium development
goals?
19. Discuss the nexus between poverty and conflict.
20. What are the challenges for the implementation of millennium development goal in
Ethiopia?
21. Discuss the concept of transnational crime?
22. As part of transnational crime, discuss about money laundering and human trafficking
and drug smuggling.
23. How does globalization impact on the spread of transnational organized crimes?
24. Explain the responses of the international communities towards transnational crime. Within introduction, conclusion and reference.
1. Terrorism refers to the use of violence or intimidation, usually targeting civilians, in order to create fear and advance political, ideological, or religious objectives.
2. Terrorism is different from other crimes in several ways. Firstly, it is often politically motivated and seeks to achieve broader objectives beyond personal gain. Secondly, it typically targets civilians or non-combatants, distinguishing it from traditional warfare. Finally, terrorism often aims to generate fear and panic among the wider population, causing psychological and societal damage.
3. The major causes of terrorism in the contemporary world era include political grievances, socio-economic disparities, ideological extremism, state repression, and religious radicalization. These factors often interact and reinforce each other, creating fertile ground for the emergence of terrorist groups.
4. Religious fundamentalism can contribute to the spread of terrorism when it manifests as a radical and extremist interpretation of a particular religion. Such ideologies can be used to justify violence against those seen as threats or infidels, leading to the recruitment and radicalization of individuals who may then carry out acts of terrorism.
5. Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) refer to nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons that have the potential to cause significant harm and destruction. They are characterized by the ability to affect large numbers of people, cause extensive damage, or have long-lasting effects on the environment.
6. The controversy surrounding nuclear proliferation centers on the spread and control of nuclear weapons. Some argue for the disarmament of nuclear-armed states and strict non-proliferation measures, while others advocate for maintaining a balance of power through deterrence and state sovereignty.
7. Major treaties and conventions agreed to control arms proliferation include the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), and the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). These agreements aim to limit the spread and use of weapons of mass destruction.
8. Different arms control mechanisms used by the international community include diplomatic negotiations, arms embargoes, export control regimes, and disarmament agreements. These mechanisms aim to limit the availability and use of conventional weapons, as well as address the proliferation of WMDs.
9. The economic challenges of migration for both sending and receiving states include issues related to labor market competition, strain on public services, social integration, remittances, brain drain, and human trafficking.
10. Migration and refugee issues rose to the international agenda due to an increase in global migration flows, conflicts, political instability, and human rights violations. The growing recognition of the human rights of migrants and refugees has also contributed to their inclusion in international discussions.
11. The causes of migration from the Horn of Africa in general and Ethiopia, in particular, include political instability, armed conflicts, economic hardships, lack of opportunities, droughts, and environmental degradation.
12. Brain drain refers to the emigration of highly skilled and educated individuals from their home countries. It has negative effects on the development of nations as it leads to a loss of human capital, impedes economic growth, exacerbates inequality, and hampers capacity-building efforts.
13. Global commons refers to shared natural resources and spaces that are not subject to exclusive national sovereignty, such as the atmosphere, oceans, outer space, and Antarctica. They require international cooperation and management for their sustainable use and preservation.
14. The causes of climate change include greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, industrial processes, and agriculture. Other factors, such as natural variations in the Earth's climate system, also contribute to climate change.
15. Agenda 21 is a comprehensive program of action adopted by the United Nations at the Earth Summit in 1992. It aims to promote sustainable development by addressing social, economic, and environmental issues through a set of principles and specific actions.
16. International legal instruments established to deal with environmental problems include the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement.
17. The role of the international community towards poverty reduction involves providing financial assistance, promoting economic development, advocating for good governance, supporting social welfare programs, and fostering inclusive growth.
18. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were a set of eight global development targets established by the United Nations in 2000 to be achieved by 2015. They focused on eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality, ensuring environmental sustainability, and improving maternal and child health, among others.
19. There is a nexus between poverty and conflict, as poverty can contribute to the underlying causes of conflicts such as inequality, social exclusion, competition for scarce resources, and political grievances. In turn, conflicts can exacerbate poverty, leading to a vicious cycle of violence and underdevelopment.
20. The challenges for the implementation of Millennium Development Goals in Ethiopia include limited resources, inadequate infrastructure, political instability, regional disparities, governance issues, and external shocks such as droughts and food insecurity.
21. Transnational crime refers to criminal activities that transcend national boundaries and involve organized criminal networks. It encompasses various illicit activities, including drug trafficking, human trafficking, arms smuggling, cybercrime, and money laundering.
22. Money laundering involves the illegal process of disguising the origins of money obtained through criminal activities to make it appear legitimate. Human trafficking refers to the recruitment, transportation, and exploitation of individuals through force, fraud, or coercion. Drug smuggling involves the illicit transportation and distribution of controlled substances.
23. Globalization has facilitated the spread of transnational organized crimes by increasing connectivity, enabling the flow of goods, services, and information across borders, and creating new opportunities for criminal networks to exploit. Moreover, globalization has also posed challenges to law enforcement and international cooperation in combating transnational crimes.
24. The response of the international community towards transnational crime involves enhancing legal frameworks, improving law enforcement cooperation and coordination, strengthening international institutions such as Interpol, implementing crime prevention strategies, and promoting international legal instruments and conventions.