1. What do you learn about the role of women in the societies described in the selections by Djebar, Rifaat, al-Idlibi, and Ayyoub? Discuss how the women cope with the conflicts they encounter.
Note: If you responded to the essay about the role of women and conflict in Unit 2, you may not choose to respond to essay (1).
In the selections by Djebar, Rifaat, al-Idlibi, and Ayyoub, the role of women in their respective societies is one of subjugation and struggle. These women face various conflicts, but they find ways to cope and assert themselves despite societal constraints.
In Djebar's selection, the women of Algerian society are expected to conform to traditional gender roles and cultural norms. They are constantly reminded of their inferior position and prevented from participating fully in societal affairs. Despite this, the women find ways to cope by creating their own spaces of freedom and resistance. In "Fantasia," for example, the narrator uses the fantasy world of storytelling to escape the confines placed upon her by society. Through storytelling, she gains agency and challenges the limitations placed upon her.
Rifaat's selection explores the experiences of women in a patriarchal Egyptian society. Women are expected to be submissive and obedient to men, and often face violence and oppression within their households. However, the women in Rifaat's stories find ways to navigate these conflicts and assert their agency in small, subtle ways. In "Distant View of a Minaret" for instance, the main character finds solace and independence in her relationship with her female servant, Halwai. Through their intimate connection, the protagonist finds a release from the constraints of her traditional marriage.
In al-Idlibi's selection, the women in Yemeni society face similar challenges. They are expected to adhere to strict gender roles and are often denied the opportunities for education and personal growth. However, they cope with these conflicts by asserting their agency through creative means. In "I Sell My Dreams," the central character defies societal expectations by fleeing her oppressive marriage and establishing herself as a storyteller. She uses her newfound independence to challenge gender norms and advocate for women's rights.
Lastly, Ayyoub's selection provides insight into the role of women in Syrian society. The women in her stories face conflicts stemming from political and social unrest. Despite the chaos and violence, these women exhibit resilience and strength in coping with their situations. In "Amina," for example, the protagonist defies societal expectations by working as a nurse and fighting for her beliefs during the Syrian revolution. She demonstrates immense courage and determination in the face of adversity.
Overall, the women in these selections cope with the conflicts they encounter by carving out their own spaces of agency and resistance within the restrictive societies they inhabit. They assert themselves through storytelling, relationships, creative pursuits, and acts of defiance. Through these means, they challenge societal norms and strive for personal liberation and equality.