As biotechnology has improved, scientists are able to look more closely at DNA, the molecules that hold genetic instructions for development, reproduction, and functioning. The ability to study DNA closely allows scientists to find evidence of genetic mutation and better understand the effects of these changes. Think about how genetic mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or cause no change at all.
(3 points)
Beneficial Effect Neutral Effect Harmful Effect
A mutation occurs in a portion of DNA and does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.
A mutation in the hemoglobin gene results in Sickle Cell Anemia.
A mutation of a protein results in protection against a destructive bacteria.
- Beneficial Effect: A mutation occurs in a portion of DNA and does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein - This would be considered a neutral effect as it does not have any impact on the protein's structure or function. It would not result in any noticeable change or benefit to the organism.
- Neutral Effect: A mutation occurs in a portion of DNA and does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein - This would be considered a neutral effect as it does not have any impact on the protein's structure or function. It would not result in any noticeable change or benefit to the organism.
- Harmful Effect: A mutation in the hemoglobin gene results in Sickle Cell Anemia - Sickle Cell Anemia is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal red blood cells that can cause various health problems such as pain, anemia, and organ damage. This mutation is harmful as it leads to negative health consequences and reduces the lifespan and quality of life for individuals affected by it.
- Beneficial Effect: A mutation of a protein results in protection against a destructive bacteria - This mutation is beneficial as it enhances the organism's ability to defend against a specific bacteria. It can provide an advantage in survival and reproduction by reducing the susceptibility to infection and disease caused by the destructive bacteria.