As biotechnology has improved, scientists are able to look more closely at DNA, the molecules that hold genetic instructions for development, reproduction, and functioning. The ability to study DNA closely allows scientists to find evidence of genetic mutation and better understand the effects of these changes. Think about how genetic mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or cause no change at all. in 5 sentences
Genetic mutations can be harmful as they can disrupt the normal functioning of genes, leading to the development of genetic disorders or diseases. Examples include mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes that increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. On the other hand, genetic mutations can also be beneficial, providing an evolutionary advantage. For instance, a mutation in the CCR5 gene confers resistance to HIV infection. Additionally, certain mutations may have no noticeable effect on an individual's phenotype, as they can occur in non-coding regions of DNA or be functionally silent. These neutral mutations can accumulate over generations, contributing to genetic diversity in a population. Overall, the study of genetic mutations allows scientists to comprehend the spectrum of effects they can have on an organism's health and well-being.
