How does fertilization is takes place before ovulation and after ovulation in human
In human reproduction, fertilization occurs when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote.
Before ovulation:
The menstrual cycle begins on the first day of menstruation, which is the shedding of the uterine lining. As the cycle progresses, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of follicles in the ovaries, each containing an immature egg. Eventually, one dominant follicle develops and releases a mature egg during a process known as ovulation.
After ovulation:
Once the mature egg is released into the fallopian tube, it is viable for approximately 24 hours. During this period, fertilization can occur if a sperm cell successfully reaches and fuses with the egg. The release of the egg also triggers the release of progesterone, which prepares the uterus for potential implantation of the fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur within 24 hours, the egg disintegrates and is shed along with the uterine lining during the next menstruation.
A variety of factors affect the likelihood of fertilization, including the presence and viability of sperm cells in the reproductive tract and sperm's ability to navigate to the egg.