As biotechnology has improved, scientists are able to look more closely at DNA, the molecules that hold genetic instructions for development, reproduction, and functioning. The ability to study DNA closely allows scientists to find evidence of genetic mutation and better understand the effects of these changes. Think about how genetic mutations can be harmful, beneficial, or cause no change at all.

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Beneficial Effect Neutral Effect Harmful Effect

Increased resistance to diseases and infections

A change in eye color
Increased risk of cancer
Improved athletic performance
A change in height
Development of resistance to antibiotics
No change in hair texture
Development of a genetic disorder
Improved ability to process certain nutrients
No change in skin color