a
Move between living and non-living systems
b
They only move back and forth between living organisms
c
Only found in abiotic factors
d
Created by living systems and do not return
a) Move between living and non-living systems: These substances or entities can move between both living organisms and non-living systems, such as the environment or inorganic matter. Examples include water, nutrients, gases, and energy.
b) They only move back and forth between living organisms: These substances or entities are exchanged solely between living organisms. Examples include signals or communication between cells or organisms, such as hormones or pheromones.
c) Only found in abiotic factors: These substances or entities are exclusively found in non-living systems or abiotic factors. Examples include minerals or elements in rocks, air pollutants, or physical forces such as gravity or radiation.
d) Created by living systems and do not return: These substances or entities are produced or created by living systems but do not return to the same system. Examples include waste products or metabolic by-products that are excreted by organisms and not reused by them.