A leavening agent used in some older recipes is baking ammonia or ammonium bicarbonate. As it is heated, it breaks down into three gases- ammonia, water, and carbon dioxide. For each 20g of baking ammonia heated, how many grams of carbon dioxide are released?
(NH4)2CO3 ==> 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O
Convert 20 g (NH4)2CO3 to moles. moles = g/molar mass
Using the coefficients in the balanced equation, convert moles ammonium carbonate to moles CO2
Convert moles CO2 to grams. grams = moles x molar mass.
Sorry but I misread the bi part of ammonium bicarbonate.
The equation should be
NH4HCO3 ==> NH3 + CO2 + H2O
Check that to make sure it's right.
The remainder of the original post is ok.
6.4
To find out how many grams of carbon dioxide are released when 20g of baking ammonia is heated, we need to know the molar mass of ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) and the balanced chemical equation for its decomposition.
The molar mass of ammonium bicarbonate can be calculated by summing up the atomic masses of its constituent elements:
(N) Nitrogen: 14.01 g/mol
(H) Hydrogen: 1.01 g/mol (x 4 atoms = 4.04 g/mol)
(H) Hydrogen: 1.01 g/mol
(C) Carbon: 12.01 g/mol
(O) Oxygen: 16.00 g/mol (x 3 atoms = 48.00 g/mol)
Total molar mass of ammonium bicarbonate = 14.01 + 4.04 + 1.01 + 1.01 + 12.01 + 48.00 = 80.08 g/mol
Now, let's look at the balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate:
2NH4HCO3(s) → CO2(g) + 2NH3(g) + H2O(g)
According to the equation, two moles of ammonium bicarbonate decompose to produce one mole of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the molar ratio between ammonium bicarbonate and carbon dioxide is 2:1.
To find the number of moles of ammonium bicarbonate, divide the given mass (20g) by the molar mass (80.08 g/mol):
Number of moles = 20g / 80.08 g/mol = 0.2493 mol (approximately)
Since the ratio is 2:1, the number of moles of carbon dioxide released would be half of the moles of ammonium bicarbonate: 0.2493 mol / 2 = 0.1246 mol.
Finally, we can calculate the mass of carbon dioxide released using the molar mass of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is 44.01 g/mol:
Mass of carbon dioxide = Number of moles × Molar mass
= 0.1246 mol × 44.01 g/mol
= 5.47 g (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, when 20g of baking ammonia (ammonium bicarbonate) is heated, approximately 5.47 grams of carbon dioxide are released.