What is the functions of the following:
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Germinativum
Keratin
Papilla
Sudoriferous Gland
Sebaceous Gland
Arrector Pili
1. Stratum Corneum: The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead skin cells. Its main function is to provide a protective barrier against external environmental factors such as UV radiation, infection, and dehydration.
2. Stratum Germinativum: Also known as the basal layer, the stratum germinativum is the innermost layer of the epidermis. It is responsible for the production of new skin cells through cell division. This layer also contains melanocytes, which produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color.
3. Keratin: Keratin is a fibrous protein that is a major component of the skin, hair, and nails. In the skin, keratin provides strength and protection, making the skin more resistant to environmental stressors.
4. Papilla: The papilla refers to small protuberances or bumps found in various structures such as the dermis and hair follicles. In the dermis, papillae contain blood vessels that supply nutrients to the epidermis. In hair follicles, papillae provide nourishment and support for the growing hair.
5. Sudoriferous Gland: Sudoriferous glands, also known as sweat glands, are responsible for producing sweat. They are found in the dermis and are involved in thermoregulation by secreting sweat onto the skin surface, which evaporates and cools the body.
6. Sebaceous Gland: Sebaceous glands are oil-producing glands found in the dermis. They secrete sebum, an oily substance that helps keep the skin moisturized and supple. Sebum also helps protect the skin from infection and provides lubrication for hair shafts.
7. Arrector Pili: Arrector pili muscles are tiny muscles attached to hair follicles. When these muscles contract, they cause the hair to stand up, resulting in goosebumps. The contraction of arrector pili muscles is often triggered by cold temperature or emotional stimuli.