ASSIGNMENT
Discuss the difference between VOM, DMM, clamp meter and oscilloscope? And explain each?
2. Write hand tools used to tighten or loosen bolts or nuts?
3. Write at least 5 general OHS you have to consider when using soldering iron?
4. List the basic preventive maintenance of measuring/test equipment?
5. What is the meaning and difference between job and work?
6. How do you prepare specification and prepare some specification sample in your way?
Write the benefits of implementing sort of activity?
8. What are the reasons for the accumulation of unnecessary items in a workshop?
9. What are red-tag holding areas and explain the types?
10. List at least seven items that are considered as unnecessary and name places where unnecessary items are accumulated?
11. Write the three main types Signboard strategy and explain each?
12. Writes the procedures of Set in order implements?
13. What are the steps/procedures for implementing shine?
14. List the steps of inspection?
15. How do you detect abnormalities in a workplace or machine?
1. VOM (Volt-Ohm Meter): A VOM is an electronic measuring instrument that provides several functions, including measuring voltage, resistance, and current. It typically consists of a dial or digital display for selecting the desired function and ranges, as well as several probes for making contact with the circuit being measured.
DMM (Digital Multimeter): A DMM is a more advanced version of a VOM that provides digital measurement readouts. It has the same functions as a VOM but offers greater accuracy, higher speed, and additional features such as auto-ranging, data logging, and connectivity options.
Clamp Meter: A clamp meter is a specialized type of meter used to measure current without the need to physically break the circuit. It features a jaw-like clamp that can be placed around a conductor, allowing the measurement of the current flowing through it. Clamp meters are particularly useful for measuring high currents and in situations where it is not practical to interrupt the circuit for measurement.
Oscilloscope: An oscilloscope is a test instrument used to visualize and analyze the waveform of electrical signals. It displays the voltage (vertical axis) against time (horizontal axis), allowing the user to observe the shape, amplitude, frequency, and other characteristics of the signal. Oscilloscopes can also capture and store waveforms for further analysis.
2. Some hand tools used to tighten or loosen bolts or nuts include:
- Wrenches: Different types of wrenches (e.g., adjustable wrench, socket wrench, combination wrench) are commonly used for tightening or loosening bolts or nuts of various sizes.
- Screwdrivers: Screwdrivers with different types of heads (e.g., flathead, Phillips, Torx) can be used to tighten or loosen screws, which are often used in conjunction with bolts or nuts.
- Allen Keys or Hex Keys: These tools are used specifically for hexagonal or Allen screws and bolts.
- Pliers: Pliers with a gripping or locking mechanism (e.g., adjustable pliers, locking pliers) can be used to hold or turn nuts during tightening or loosening.
- Ratchets and Sockets: Ratchets and sockets offer a more efficient way of tightening or loosening bolts or nuts, especially in confined spaces or when a higher level of torque is required.
3. Five general Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) considerations when using a soldering iron:
- Use proper ventilation or work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling fumes or harmful gases produced during the soldering process.
- Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as safety glasses or goggles, to protect eyes from potential splashes or sparks.
- Ensure the soldering iron is properly grounded or insulated to prevent electric shock.
- Keep the workspace clean and free of flammable materials to avoid fire hazards.
- Practice proper ergonomic techniques to prevent repetitive strain injuries or other musculoskeletal disorders.
4. Basic preventive maintenance of measuring/test equipment includes:
- Regular cleaning of the equipment, including the probes, connectors, and display screens.
- Calibration at specified intervals to ensure accurate measurements.
- Inspection for any physical damages or wear and tear that may affect the performance of the equipment.
- Proper storage and handling to avoid unnecessary stress or damage.
- Keeping a maintenance log or record of any issues, repairs, or calibration dates to track the equipment's history and ensure timely maintenance.
5. Job refers to a specific task or assignment that a person is hired or required to do, often within the context of employment. It typically has a defined set of duties, responsibilities, and expectations. Work, on the other hand, is a broader term that encompasses any productive activity or effort, whether it is paid or unpaid, and can include tasks performed within or outside of a formal job setting.
The main difference between a job and work is that a job is more specific and usually part of a larger employment arrangement, while work is a more general term that can encompass a wide range of activities and contexts.
6. Preparing specifications involves clearly defining the requirements, characteristics, or criteria that a product, service, or project must meet. This is typically done by identifying the key features, dimensions, functionality, performance standards, or any other relevant details. A specification sample can vary depending on the specific requirements, but it should be clear, concise, and measurable.
Benefits of implementing specifications include:
- Clarity: Specifications provide clear expectations and guidelines, ensuring that all parties involved understand what is required.
- Consistency: Specifications help to standardize processes and outcomes, leading to consistent quality and performance.
- Compliance: Specifications ensure that products or services meet regulatory, industry, or customer requirements.
- Accuracy: By specifying precise details, specifications help to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the final outcome.
- Efficiency: Specifications reduce ambiguity and facilitate effective communication, leading to more efficient processes and interactions.
8. Reasons for the accumulation of unnecessary items in a workshop may include:
- Lack of organization or storage systems: Without defined places for items to be stored, they can easily become scattered or misplaced.
- Failure to discard or remove obsolete or redundant materials: Over time, tools, equipment, or materials may become outdated or no longer needed, but they are not properly disposed of or removed.
- Insufficient maintenance or tidying practices: If regular cleaning or maintenance is not performed, items can accumulate and clutter the workspace.
- Poor inventory control or tracking systems: Without proper tracking or management of inventory, items may be overstocked, leading to unnecessary accumulation.
- Resistance to change or outdated practices: In some cases, unnecessary items may accumulate due to a resistance to change or outdated work practices that result in the retention of unnecessary materials or tools.
9. Red-tag holding areas are designated spaces used for temporarily storing items that have been identified as potentially unnecessary or redundant. The purpose of red-tag holding areas is to facilitate the sorting and evaluation process, allowing items to be reviewed before a final decision is made regarding their disposal, removal, or relocation.
Types of red-tag holding areas include:
- Temporary holding area: This is a designated space where items are kept for a short period, typically until a review is conducted or a decision is made regarding their fate.
- Quarantine area: In some cases, items may be quarantined if there are concerns about contamination, safety, or other factors that require further inspection or testing before a decision is made.
- Ready for disposal or removal area: This area is used to store items that have been tagged for disposal or removal but have not yet been processed.
10. Seven items considered as unnecessary and the places where they may accumulate:
1. Obsolete tools or equipment - Stored in tool cabinets or spare parts inventory.
2. Outdated or expired chemicals - Found in storage closets or chemical storage areas.
3. Broken or damaged materials - Piled up in designated waste or scrap areas.
4. Unusable or redundant paperwork - Accumulated in filing cabinets or storage rooms.
5. Defective or malfunctioning machinery - Stored in designated repair or maintenance areas.
6. Excessive or expired inventory - Stocked in warehouse or storage rooms.
7. Unwanted or unused office furniture - Stored in storage areas or unused office spaces.
11. The three main types of signboard strategies are:
- Descriptive signboards: These signboards provide information or instructions to convey a specific message. They can be used to indicate locations, safety procedures, or warnings and are primarily text-based with clear and concise wording.
- Pictorial signboards: Pictorial signboards use images or pictures to communicate a message or convey information. They are especially useful in situations where language barriers may exist or for conveying visual instructions quickly and easily.
- Symbolic signboards: Symbolic signboards use universally recognized symbols or icons to communicate a specific meaning, without relying on text or language. They are effective for conveying information in a concise and easily understood manner.
12. Procedures for implementing Set in order (also known as "S" in the 5S methodology):
1. Assess the current state: Evaluate the existing layout, workspaces, storage systems, and flow of materials or equipment.
2. Determine the ideal state: Define the desired layout, organization, and storage systems based on efficiency, safety, and accessibility.
3. Identify and eliminate clutter: Remove any unnecessary or redundant items that are not essential for the work process. Sort and categorize items based on their frequency of use or importance.
4. Designate proper locations and storage: Assign specific places for tools, equipment, materials, and supplies to ensure consistency and ease of access. Implement visual indicators or labels to clearly identify designated storage areas.
5. Optimize workflow and layout: Rearrange work areas or layout to reduce travel distance, minimize wasted time, and improve ergonomics. Consider factors such as equipment placement, workstation design, and material flow.
6. Document and communicate the new layout: Update floor plans, maps, or diagrams to reflect the changes in layout and organization. Communicate the changes to all relevant personnel to ensure consistent implementation and adherence.
13. Steps/procedures for implementing shine (also known as "S" in the 5S methodology):
1. Inspect and assess the workplace: Evaluate the current state of cleanliness and identify areas that require cleaning or improvement.
2. Develop cleaning protocols: Establish a cleaning schedule or checklist that outlines the tasks, frequency, and responsibilities for maintaining cleanliness.
3. Clean the workplace: Perform cleaning tasks systematically, ensuring that all areas, surfaces, equipment, and tools are cleaned and maintained regularly.
4. Implement preventive measures: Identify and address potential sources of dirt, dust, or contaminants. Implement measures to prevent future buildup or dirty conditions.
5. Train employees: Provide training to employees on the importance of cleanliness, proper cleaning techniques, and their responsibilities regarding workplace hygiene.
6. Regularly review and maintain standards: Continuously monitor the cleanliness of the workplace, provide feedback, and make necessary adjustments to ensure ongoing cleanliness.
14. Steps of inspection:
1. Identify the scope and objectives of the inspection.
2. Prepare the necessary inspection tools and equipment.
3. Familiarize yourself with the applicable standards or specifications for the items being inspected.
4. Conduct a visual inspection, looking for any visible defects, damage, or abnormalities.
5. Perform functional or performance tests to ensure the items are working as intended.
6. Document any findings or observations during the inspection, including photographs or measurements if necessary.
7. Compare the results of the inspection against the predetermined standards or specifications.
8. Generate an inspection report, summarizing the findings, recommendations, or actions required.
9. Communicate the inspection results to relevant personnel or stakeholders.
10. Take appropriate actions based on the inspection results, such as repairs, maintenance, or rejections.
15. Abnormalities in a workplace or machine can be detected through various methods, including:
- Visual inspection: Observing for any obvious signs of malfunction, damage, or irregularity.
- Physical measurement: Using measuring instruments or gauges to check if parameters or specifications fall within acceptable limits.
- Regular monitoring or data collection: Implementing monitoring systems or sensors that track and record key parameters over time, allowing for the detection of any abnormal trends or deviations.
- Comparing against historical data or benchmarks: Analyzing past performance or data to identify any significant deviations or anomalies.
- Utilizing diagnostic tools or technologies: Employing specialized equipment or software that can detect and analyze abnormalities in real-time, such as vibration analysis or thermography.
- Conducting functional or performance tests: Performing specific tests or simulations to evaluate the performance of the workplace or machine against expected criteria or benchmarks.