Define the 10 key terms below. Your response should be approximately 2-3 sentences (short and sweet) each and clearly define and explain the term. You MAY NOT use google for this assignment- consider this practice for your test.
Key Term Paragraphs:
1.
Karl Marx
Definition:
2.
Containment
Definition:
3.
Space Race / Sputnik
Definition:
4.
Mutually Assured Destruction
Definition:
5.
SAL T I + II
Definition:
6.
Perestroika
Definition:
7.
Glasnost
Definition:
8.
Mao Zedong
Definition:
9.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Definition:
10.
The Iron Curtain
Definition:
1. Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, and political theorist who is known for his influential works on socialism and communism. He co-authored "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital" which laid the foundations for the ideology of Marxism.
2. Containment was a U.S. foreign policy strategy during the Cold War aimed at preventing the spread of communism. It involved limiting the expansion of Soviet influence by providing financial and military aid to countries threatened by communism.
3. The Space Race refers to the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to achieve milestones in space exploration. Sputnik was the world's first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, marking the beginning of the Space Race.
4. Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) is a military doctrine that states that if two opposing sides in a conflict both possess nuclear weapons and have the ability to retaliate, it would result in the complete destruction of both parties. This concept served as a deterrent during the Cold War, as neither side wanted to initiate a conflict that would lead to their mutual destruction.
5. SALT I and II refer to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks held between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. These agreements aimed to limit the production and deployment of nuclear weapons and establish arms control measures to reduce the risk of nuclear war.
6. Perestroika was a policy introduced by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s, aimed at reforming the Soviet economy and political system. It involved restructuring and decentralizing the economy, allowing more private ownership and market influences.
7. Glasnost, also introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev, means "openness" in Russian. It referred to the policy of increased transparency and freedom of speech in the Soviet Union. It allowed for more open political discussion and media coverage, encouraging public involvement in decision-making processes.
8. Mao Zedong was the founding father of the People's Republic of China and the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. He led the Communist revolution in China and served as the Chairman of the Communist Party and the leader of China's government until his death in 1976.
9. Mikhail Gorbachev was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991 and is known for his significant role in the end of the Cold War. He introduced policies of perestroika and glasnost, aimed at reforming the Soviet Union and promoting openness. Gorbachev's leadership marked a shift towards a more cooperative relationship with the West.
10. The Iron Curtain was a term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the ideological and physical division between Western and Eastern Europe during the Cold War. It represented the divide between the capitalist democracies of Western Europe and the communist countries of Eastern Europe, symbolized by the Berlin Wall and other barriers.