describe in point forms what happens with the NGS method for dna sequencing and the sanger method
NGS Method for DNA Sequencing:
1. NGS stands for Next-Generation Sequencing and is a high-throughput method for DNA sequencing.
2. It allows simultaneous sequencing of millions of DNA fragments.
3. The DNA sample is fragmented and ligated to adapters for library preparation.
4. The library is amplified and attached to a solid surface, such as a glass slide or a microbead.
5. The DNA fragments are amplified using PCR and optically scanned to determine their sequence.
6. This method can produce a large amount of data in a short period of time.
7. It is widely used in various fields like genomics, transcriptomics, and metagenomics.
Sanger Method for DNA Sequencing:
1. The Sanger method is a traditional DNA sequencing technique.
2. It involves enzymatic DNA synthesis using dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs).
3. The DNA sample is fragmented and fluorescently labeled primers are added.
4. DNA synthesis is initiated, and chain termination occurs randomly at each ddNTP.
5. The resulting fragments are separated by size using gel electrophoresis.
6. The fragments are detected using fluorescent labeling and a DNA sequencer.
7. The sequence is read based on the detected fluorescence pattern.
8. This method is labor-intensive and time-consuming but provides accurate sequencing results.