Macular degeneration
Macular degeneration is an eye condition that affects the macula, which is the part of the retina responsible for central vision. It is the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 50.
There are two types of macular degeneration: dry and wet. Dry macular degeneration is the more common type, accounting for about 90% of cases. It is characterized by the presence of yellowish deposits called drusen in the macula. These deposits can cause thinning and deterioration of the macula over time, leading to blurred or distorted central vision.
Wet macular degeneration, on the other hand, is less common but more severe. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow underneath the macula and leak fluid or blood, leading to the formation of scar tissue. This causes rapid and severe vision loss if left untreated.
Symptoms of macular degeneration may include blurred vision, difficulty reading or recognizing faces, distorted or wavy lines, and a dark or empty area in the center of the vision. The condition usually affects both eyes, although the progression may vary between them.
While the exact cause of macular degeneration is unknown, several risk factors have been identified, including age, genetics, smoking, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. It is more common in Caucasians and those with a family history of the condition.
Although there is currently no cure for macular degeneration, there are treatments available that can help slow down the progression of the disease and manage its symptoms. These include the use of intraocular injections, photodynamic therapy, and laser surgery. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and not smoking may also help reduce the risk or slow down progression. Regular eye exams are also important for early detection and management of macular degeneration.