Explain why water logging of the soil may lead to death in plant
Water logging of the soil refers to the situation when the soil becomes completely saturated with water, leaving no space for air to circulate. This can have detrimental effects on plant health and may lead to plant death for several reasons:
1. Lack of oxygen: When the soil is waterlogged, the oxygen supply to the plant roots is significantly reduced. Roots require oxygen to carry out their metabolic functions, such as respiration and nutrient absorption. Without sufficient oxygen, the root cells start to die, leading to root damage and eventually death of the entire plant.
2. Poor nutrient uptake: Water logging affects the ability of plants to take up essential nutrients from the soil. The excess water restricts the movement of nutrients towards the roots, hindering their absorption. This nutrient deficiency impairs the overall growth and functioning of the plant, making it vulnerable to various diseases and pests.
3. Soil acidity: Water logging can cause an increase in soil acidity levels. When oxygen is absent, certain microorganisms multiply and produce harmful metabolic byproducts, such as carbon dioxide and various acids. These acidic conditions can damage and inhibit the root cells, interfering with normal physiological processes and leading to plant death.
4. Accumulation of toxic substances: In waterlogged conditions, the concentration of certain harmful substances like manganese, iron, and sulfur can increase in the soil. Excessive amounts of these substances become toxic to plants, disrupting their biochemical processes and causing irreversible damage.
5. Disease susceptibility: Prolonged water logging creates a favorable environment for the growth of pathogens that can attack plant roots. Fungi and bacteria thrive in waterlogged soils and can cause root rot and other diseases that ultimately lead to the death of the plant.
Overall, water logging prevents the proper functioning of plant roots, disrupts vital metabolic processes, and fosters conditions that are conducive to various diseases, ultimately resulting in plant death.