Joanne does not want to go to school because she didn't do her calculus homework and isn't ready for her test. She tells her mother that she has a terrible headache. Her mother shows concern, agrees to let her stay home, and makes Joanne her favorite breakfast. Define all of the following terms and explain how each applies to this situation.
1. Excuse: An excuse is a reason or explanation given to justify one's actions or behavior. In this situation, Joanne's excuse is that she has a terrible headache as a way to avoid going to school because she didn't prepare for her calculus homework and test.
2. Deception: Deception refers to deliberately misleading or tricking someone by providing false information or concealing the truth. Joanne deceives her mother by claiming she has a terrible headache, which is not the true reason for wanting to stay home. Her real motive is to avoid school due to her unpreparedness.
3. Manipulation: Manipulation involves influencing or controlling others, often through dishonest means, to achieve one's desired outcome. Joanne manipulates her mother's concern for her well-being by using her headache as a way to persuade her to let her stay home.
4. Sympathy: Sympathy is the feeling of understanding, pity, or compassion towards someone's distress or difficult situation. Joanne's mother shows sympathy by agreeing to let her stay at home, as she believes her daughter is genuinely unwell due to the headache.
5. Parental care/nurturing: Parental care refers to the actions and behaviors of a parent that promote their child's well-being, security, and emotional support. Joanne's mother displays parental care by making her daughter's favorite breakfast, demonstrating her concern and nurturing attitude towards Joanne's well-being.