David matza social control theory
David Matza was a sociologist who developed the concept of "neutralization theory" as part of his broader social control theory. Matza argued that individuals engage in deviant behavior when they momentarily suspend their internalized social norms and controls. According to Matza, individuals have the capability to neutralize their feelings of guilt and shame, allowing them to engage in deviant behavior without feeling the full weight of societal disapproval.
Matza identified five techniques of neutralization that individuals use to rationalize their deviant actions:
1. Denial of responsibility: Individuals argue that they were not fully in control of their actions, attributing their behavior to outside forces or circumstances beyond their control.
2. Denial of injury: Individuals downplay or minimize the harm caused by their actions, arguing that their behavior did not actually hurt anyone.
3. Denial of the victim: Individuals deflect blame by portraying themselves as the true victims. They argue that their actions were justified because they were responding to perceived harm or threats.
4. Condemning the condemners: Individuals question the credibility of those who judge or disapprove of their behavior, suggesting that these individuals are biased or hypocritical.
5. Appeal to higher loyalties: Individuals argue that their actions were motivated by a higher purpose or loyalty, such as protecting their friends or family, which justifies their deviance.
Matza's theory highlights the importance of understanding the rationalizations and justifications individuals use to engage in deviant behavior. By analyzing these neutralization techniques, sociologists can gain insights into how individuals temporarily suspend their internalized social controls and norms, leading to deviance.