Earth's Seasons explain
Earth's seasons are caused by two main factors: the tilt of the Earth's axis and its orbit around the sun.
The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of about 23.5 degrees relative to its orbit around the sun. This means that as the Earth orbits the sun, different parts of the planet receive varying amounts of sunlight throughout the year.
During the summer season in the Northern Hemisphere, the North Pole is tilted towards the sun. This results in longer days and shorter nights, as the sunlight is more direct and concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. The tilt causes the sun's rays to hit the Earth's surface at a steeper angle, leading to more heat and energy being absorbed.
Conversely, during the winter season in the Northern Hemisphere, the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. This results in shorter days and longer nights, as the sunlight is spread out and less direct. The tilt causes the sun's rays to hit the Earth's surface at a shallower angle, leading to less heat and energy being absorbed.
In the Southern Hemisphere, the seasons are opposite due to the tilt. When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.
The equinoxes, which occur in March and September, mark the points in the Earth's orbit when the tilt of the axis is neither towards nor away from the sun. During this time, both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres receive approximately equal amounts of sunlight, resulting in nearly equal day and night lengths.
The combination of the Earth's tilt and its orbit around the sun is responsible for the changing seasons that we experience throughout the year.