describe mechanical intestinal obstruction
Mechanical intestinal obstruction occurs when there is a physical blockage in the intestines that prevents the normal flow of food, liquid, and gas through the digestive system. This obstruction can occur in either the small intestine or the large intestine (colon).
There are various causes of mechanical intestinal obstruction, including:
1. Adhesions: Scar tissue from previous surgeries can cause the intestines to stick together and form blockages.
2. Hernias: When a section of the intestine pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall.
3. Tumors or growths: Abnormal tissue growth within the intestines can obstruct the passage of material.
4. Intussusception: This occurs when one part of the intestine slides into another part, causing a blockage.
5. Volvulus: A twisting of the intestines that can lead to blockage and reduced blood flow.
Symptoms of mechanical intestinal obstruction often include severe abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and the inability to pass gas or stool. In some cases, the affected area of the intestine may become distended, causing visible swelling.
Diagnosis of mechanical intestinal obstruction typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or barium studies. Treatment options depend on the severity and cause of the obstruction but may include non-surgical methods such as bowel rest, medications to alleviate symptoms, or the use of a nasogastric tube to relieve pressure. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to clear the blockage or remove any damaged portions of the intestine.
If left untreated, mechanical intestinal obstruction can lead to serious complications such as tissue death (necrosis) or perforation of the intestine, which can cause infection and potentially be life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms suggestive of intestinal obstruction develop.