describe types of mechanical intestinal obstruction
There are two main types of mechanical intestinal obstruction:
1. Functional Obstruction: This type of obstruction occurs due to a malfunction in the normal muscular contractions of the intestines, called peristalsis. This can happen due to conditions such as intestinal pseudo-obstruction or paralytic ileus. In functional obstruction, the intestines may appear normal and there may be no physical blockage, but the movement of food and waste is hindered.
2. Mechanical Obstruction: This type of obstruction occurs when there is a physical obstruction that blocks the movement of food and waste through the intestines. Mechanical obstructions can be further categorized into the following subtypes:
- Adhesions: Adhesions are bands of scar tissue that form between abdominal tissues and organs, often as a result of previous surgeries or infections. These adhesions can twist or obstruct the intestines, leading to an obstruction.
- Hernias: A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or tissue. A hernia can cause a blockage by trapping a portion of the intestine.
- Tumors: Benign or malignant tumors in the intestines or surrounding organs can block the passage of food and waste.
- Intussusception: Intussusception is a condition where one segment of the intestine telescopes into another segment, causing a blockage.
- Volvulus: Volvulus occurs when a portion of the intestine twists around itself, leading to a mechanical obstruction.
- Diverticulitis: Diverticula are small pouches that can develop in the lining of the intestines. If these pouches become inflamed or infected, they can cause a blockage.
These are some common types of mechanical intestinal obstruction. The symptoms of obstruction may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and the inability to pass gas or have a bowel movement. Immediate medical attention is necessary to diagnose and manage these obstructions as they can lead to severe complications if left untreated.