List two environmental challenges the Inca had to overcome.
1) One environmental challenge that the Inca had to overcome was the high altitude of their empire. The Inca Empire was located in the Andes, which meant that they had to adapt to the challenges of living at such high altitudes. The thin air, extreme temperatures, and lack of oxygen posed difficulties for agriculture, human settlements, and transportation.
2) Another environmental challenge the Inca faced was the lack of fertile land in the mountainous terrain. The steep slopes and rugged landscapes limited the availability of arable land. However, the Inca developed innovative agricultural techniques such as terracing and irrigation to overcome this challenge and create productive farming systems. They built stepped fields on slopes to enable cultivation and used intricate irrigation systems to supply water to their crops, maximizing the use of available land.