Which of the following explains how morphine was developed by using scientific method
The development of morphine involved the scientific method, which is a systematic approach to research and discovery. Here are the steps by which morphine was developed using this method:
1. Observation: Scientists observed the physiological effects of opium, a naturally occurring substance derived from the poppy plant.
2. Research Question: Based on their observations, they formulated a research question: "Can we isolate and identify the active compounds responsible for the pain-relieving effects of opium?"
3. Hypothesis: Scientists formulated a hypothesis that the active compound in opium responsible for its pain-relieving effects might be a specific molecule or group of molecules.
4. Experiment: They conducted experiments to isolate and identify the active compound(s). This involved various chemical extraction and purification techniques.
5. Data Collection: Throughout the experiments, they collected data on the chemical properties, structure, and effects of different compounds derived from opium.
6. Analysis: Scientists analyzed the collected data to determine which compound(s) demonstrated the greatest pain-relieving effects.
7. Conclusion: Based on their analysis, they concluded that a specific compound, which they named morphine, exhibited the strongest pain-relieving properties.
8. Testing and Verification: They conducted further experiments to test and verify the pain-relieving effects of morphine, including animal and human studies.
9. Peer Review and Publication: Scientists published their findings in scientific journals, subjecting them to peer review by experts in the field.
10. Replication and Application: Other scientists replicated the experiments, further validating the results. Morphine was then made available for medical use as an effective analgesic, and its application expanded over time.
Throughout these steps, scientists employed the scientific method to systematically observe, question, hypothesize, experiment, collect data, analyze, conclude, and verify the efficacy and safety of morphine development.