Frameshift mutation, because it only produces ineffective proteins
Bottleneck effect, because environmental stresses affecting one cheetah could affect them
all
Disaster effect, because the cheetahs have mutated to produce ineffective proteins
Substitution mutation, because these mutations cannot be passed to offspring
Frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted in the DNA sequence, which disrupts the reading frame of the codons. This leads to the production of completely different amino acids and can result in the synthesis of ineffective proteins. Therefore, frameshift mutation is the correct choice given that it produces ineffective proteins.
The bottleneck effect is a genetic event that occurs when a large population is drastically reduced in size due to an environmental catastrophe or other factors. This can result in a loss of genetic diversity and an increased vulnerability to genetic disorders. However, it does not necessarily lead to the production of ineffective proteins.
The disaster effect is not a recognized scientific term, so it cannot be considered a correct answer.
Substitution mutation is a type of genetic mutation where one nucleotide is substituted for another in the DNA sequence. This type of mutation can cause various effects, including the production of ineffective or altered proteins. However, the statement in the question that these mutations cannot be passed to offspring is incorrect. Substitution mutations can be inherited by offspring and can contribute to evolutionary changes over time.
Therefore, the most accurate answer to the question is frameshift mutation, as it is the one that specifically results in the production of ineffective proteins.