Original DNA: TAC CTA GGA CCA ACT has changed to TAC CTA GAC CAA CT.
What type of mutation has occurred, and has it caused a frameshift?
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a
translocation - yes
b
insertion - no
c
deletion - yes
d
substitution- no
Original DNA: TAC CTA GGA CCA ACT
Changed DNA: TAC CTA GAC CAA CT
Comparing the sequences, it looks like the original sequence has a GGA -> GAC change and a CCA -> CAA change.
This type of mutation is a substitution, where one base pair has been substituted for another. In the first instance, the guanine (G) in the third codon has been replaced by an adenine (A), and in the fifth codon, the cytosine (C) has been replaced with an adenine (A). There is no indication of extra bases being added (insertion) or removed (deletion), and there is no indication of a piece of DNA being moved to a new location (translocation).
Since substitution mutations replace one base with another but do not add or remove bases, they do not result in a frameshift.
The correct answer would be:
d. substitution - no