The Spaniards were able to conquer the Aztec and Inca civilizations relatively quickly due to several factors. Firstly, their superior weaponry, such as guns, cannons, and steel swords, gave them a significant advantage over the indigenous armies. Additionally, the Spaniards had horses, which were unfamiliar and terrifying to the indigenous people, further disorienting their armies. Secondly, the diseases brought by the Europeans, such as smallpox, measles, and typhus, devastated the indigenous populations, weakening their ability to resist the invaders. Thirdly, internal divisions and rivalries within the Aztec and Inca empires allowed the Spaniards to exploit these tensions and gain support from local tribes who were eager to overthrow the dominant powers. Finally, the Spanish also benefited from alliances with certain native groups who, motivated by their own interests, joined forces with the conquistadors against their enemies.
