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Karankawa
The Karankawa were Native American tribes inhabiting the Gulf Coast region of Texas, specifically areas that include modern-day Galveston, Matagorda, and Brazoria counties. They lived a semi-nomadic lifestyle, moving between the coastal plains, marshes, and barrier islands, and relied on fishing, hunting, and gathering for sustenance. However, the Karankawa people's distinct tribal identity began to dissipate after the arrival of European settlers in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century, their population was greatly reduced due to disease, conflicts with settlers, and forced displacement.
where they nomadric or sedentary
The Karankawa people were semi-nomadic, meaning they did not have a fixed location but moved between different areas depending on the availability of resources. They had seasonal settlements along the Gulf Coast, where they would stay for fishing and gathering during certain times of the year and then move on to other locations. Their movements were primarily dependent on the availability of food and other natural resources.
where they hunting-gathiring or farmers
The Karankawa were primarily hunter-gatherers. They relied on fishing, hunting, and gathering for their subsistence. Fishing was particularly important to their diet, as they lived along the Gulf Coast. They would use nets, spears, and hooks to catch fish and other marine life. In addition to fishing, they also hunted animals such as deer, alligator, turtles, and small game. Gathering edible plants, fruits, nuts, and roots was also part of their food procurement strategy. The Karankawa did not have an agricultural economy and did not engage in farming.
what was there shelter
The Karankawa traditionally lived in dome-shaped, thatched-roof huts called "wickiups." These structures were constructed using a framework of wooden poles that were bent and intertwined to form a dome shape. The framework was covered with a layer of thatch made from local grasses or palmetto leaves. This thatched roof provided protection from the elements. The wickiups were designed to be easily assembled and disassembled, allowing the Karankawa to move their dwellings as they followed seasonal resources. Additionally, wickiups were built with an opening at the top to allow smoke from the central fire to escape.
