Inside the nucleus in respond area cells is another organelle called the nucleolus, which is in charge of producing and assembling the cell’s ribosomes for protein synthesis.
The nucleolus is a small, round organelle found inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is not surrounded by a membrane and is composed of proteins and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The primary function of the nucleolus is to produce and assemble the cell's ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.
The nucleolus contains three distinct regions known as fibrillar centers, dense fibrillar components, and granular components. These regions have different roles in ribosome biogenesis. The fibrillar centers are the sites where the production of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes occurs. The dense fibrillar components contain the pre-rRNA transcripts and are involved in processing and modification of rRNA. The granular components contain the mature ribosomal subunits, which are exported out of the nucleus to carry out protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
The nucleolus is also involved in various other cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, stress response, and control of RNA metabolism. It acts as a stress sensor and can change its structure and function in response to cellular stress conditions. The nucleolus disassembles during cell division and reforms in the newly formed daughter cells.
Overall, the nucleolus plays a vital role in the production and assembly of ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis and cellular functions.