List of inventions from the 1200 CE era that made global trade possible today and the dates of invention
There were several inventions and advancements during the 1200 CE era that played a crucial role in making global trade possible today. Here are some significant ones along with their approximate dates of invention:
1. Compass (12th century): Although the compass was invented earlier, its use for navigation became widespread during the 12th century, particularly in the maritime trade of the Song Dynasty in China. It allowed sailors to accurately determine directions, which greatly enhanced long-distance voyages.
2. Astrolabe (13th century): While the astrolabe's origins can be traced back to ancient Greece, its use as a navigational instrument rapidly spread during the 13th century. It enabled sailors to determine their latitude and measure celestial distances, supporting maritime exploration and trade.
3. Paper currency (late 12th century): The first known use of paper currency can be attributed to the Song Dynasty in China during the late 12th century. The use of paper money facilitated large-scale trade by providing a standardized medium of exchange that was easier to handle than bartering goods.
4. Caravel ship (late 13th century to early 14th century): The caravel, a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship, was first developed by the Portuguese during the late 13th or early 14th century. Its design, including a distinctive combination of square and triangular sails, allowed for improved navigation and exploration, enabling the Age of Discovery.
5. Chinampa agriculture system (14th century): The chinampa agriculture system originated in the Aztec civilization during the 14th century. It involved constructing artificial islands or floating gardens in lakes, allowing for increased agricultural production. This innovation and efficient farming practices contributed to surplus food production, supporting trade networks.
6. Lateen sail (11th to 12th century): Although its precise origins are uncertain, the lateen sail saw significant use during the 11th and 12th centuries by Arab sailors. This triangular sail design greatly improved maneuverability and allowed ships to sail efficiently against the wind, enabling exploration and trade in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.
7. Windmill (12th century): The use of windmills for mechanical power saw advancements in Europe during the 12th century. These early windmills were used primarily for grinding grain, which played a vital role in the production of flour and facilitated trade in agriculture-based societies.
8. Gunpowder (9th to 12th century): Although gunpowder was invented in China during the 9th century, its use in warfare gradually expanded during the 12th century. The advent of firearms changed the dynamics of warfare, impacting trade routes, military strategies, and geopolitics.
These inventions and advancements laid the foundation for global trade by improving navigation, currency systems, agriculture, and transportation. However, it's essential to note that the development and dissemination of these inventions took place over an extended period, with varying dates and regions of origin.