EXPLAIN HOW WRITERS DIRECTLY QUOTE TEXT FROM ANOTHER SOURCE.
When writers directly quote text from another source, they include the exact words or phrases from that source within quotation marks. This indicates that the writer is using the words of someone else word-for-word and not paraphrasing or summarizing the information.
To properly incorporate direct quotes in their writing, writers follow a few guidelines:
1. Quotation marks: The quoted text should be enclosed in double quotation marks. For example: "According to the study, 'smoking is linked to increased health risks'."
2. Attribution: The source of the quote should be identified before, during, or after the quote. This can be done by mentioning the author's name, the source title, or the publication. For example: According to John Smith, in his book "The Effects of Smoking," he states, "smoking is linked to increased health risks."
3. Punctuation and Capitalization: The punctuation and capitalization of a direct quote should be preserved exactly as it appears in the original source. However, if the quote is only part of a sentence, ellipses (...) can be used to indicate omitted words. Additionally, if the quote is modified or certain words are added for clarity, writers use square brackets [ ] to indicate those changes.
For example: "The study found that 'smoking is linked to increased health risks and can lead to life-threatening diseases' [emphasis added]."
4. Block Quotes: If a direct quote is more than a few lines in length, writers may use block quotes. In this case, the quoted text is indented, without quotation marks, and often written in a smaller font size. The attribution still needs to be provided either before or after the quote.
Properly using direct quotes allows writers to support their arguments, provide evidence, give credit to the original source, and offer different perspectives in their writing.