describe at least 3 characteristics of sexual reproduction.
1. Genetic Variation: Sexual reproduction results in offspring that inherit a unique combination of genetic material from both parents. This variability in genes contributes to the diversity and adaptability of species. It allows for the mixing and shuffling of genes, leading to new combinations of traits that can enhance the species' survival and evolution.
2. Fusion of Gametes: Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of specialized reproductive cells called gametes. In most organisms, these gametes are sperm cells produced by males and egg cells produced by females. The fusion of these gametes during fertilization creates a zygote, which is the first cell of a new individual. This process ensures that each new organism receives genetic material from both parents.
3. Meiosis: Sexual reproduction involves a specialized form of cell division called meiosis. During meiosis, the DNA content of cells is halved, resulting in the production of haploid gametes. This halving of genetic material is crucial to maintaining a constant number of chromosomes within a species. When the gametes fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote has the correct number of chromosomes for the species. Meiosis also facilitates the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes, known as genetic recombination, further enhancing genetic diversity.