What major advancements in theatrical lighting occurred in the 20th century?
a. Use of electric lighting, dimmers, and lighting control systems
b. Development of projection design
c. Introduction of the box set design
d. Use of rotating periaktoi
a. Use of electric lighting, dimmers, and lighting control systems: This was a major advancement in theatrical lighting as it allowed for more precise control over the intensity, direction, and color of stage lighting. Electric lighting provided brighter and more consistent illumination, while dimmers allowed for smooth transitions between lighting scenes. Lighting control systems made it easier to program and automate complex lighting cues.
b. Development of projection design: The development of projection design greatly expanded the possibilities for theatrical lighting. Projectors were used to display images, videos, and animations onto various surfaces, creating dynamic and immersive visual effects. This opened up new creative avenues for lighting designers to enhance storytelling and create visual spectacles on stage.
c. Introduction of the box set design: While not directly related to lighting, the introduction of the box set design in the late 19th and early 20th century had a significant impact on theatrical lighting. Box set design refers to the construction of realistic three-dimensional sets with solid walls and ceilings, creating an enclosed space on stage. This allowed for more controlled lighting conditions and the use of focused and directional lighting techniques to highlight specific areas of the set.
d. Use of rotating periaktoi: Rotating periaktoi are triangular prisms with different scenic elements painted on each face. They were introduced in the 20th century and allowed for quick scene changes and transitions on stage. The ability to easily rotate these periaktoi allowed for different set designs or locations to be quickly displayed, which in turn influenced lighting design as new lighting schemes had to be created to match the changing scenes.