8. In Utah’s Arches National Park we can see many interesting shapes like this one. Many different things helped to shape this arch: earthquakes, rivers, freezing water, and wind. Only one of these made the surface of the arch smooth and rounded. That was
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1 point
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strong winds.
earthquakes.
water freezing in the cracks.
a river running through the rocks.
9. Which is the most correct order of the theorized evolution of life on Earth?
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1 point
Single-celled organisms produced methane, cyanobacteria produced oxygen, multi-cellular organisms began to form, fish, amphibians, reptiles and then mammals
Cyanobacteria produced oxygen, Single-celled organisms produced methane, multi-cellular organisms began to form, fish, amphibians, reptiles and then mammals
Mammals formed, then fish, then reptiles, amphibians, multi-cellular organisms, cyanobacteria and then single-celled organisms produced methane
Multi-cellular organisms, then fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, single-celled organisms produced greenhouse gases
10. A river delta forms at the mouth of a river where it enters a larger body of water. Usually the delta is shaped like a triangle.What process causes delta formation?
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1 point
wave action
erosion of the river bank
the movement of the tides
deposition of sediments
11. A coral reef has thrived near a coastline for thousands of years. Over the last decade, climate change has caused sea levels to rise. The coral reef is now deeper under water. Which sentence accurately describes the effects of this change? Select the two correct answers.
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1 point
The coastline now has more protection against erosion.
The coral reef now has more protection against deposition.
The coastline now has less protection against erosion.
The coral reef now has less protection against deposition.
12. What is the role of water in the chemical weathering of rock?
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1 point
It combines chemicals in the rock with carbon.
It dissolves rock in the chemical weathering process.
It aids in changing the chemical composition of rock.
It causes small pieces of rock to adhere together.
13. Which is an example of chemical weathering?
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1 point
decomposition of rock when exposed to acidic plants
burrowing animals digging a home in rock
rock breaking apart during a rock slide
a crack in rock growing larger as water freezes in it
14. In frost wedging, a crack expands when water __________. When the water ___________ it can seep into new fissures in the rock. (fill in the blanks)
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1 point
melts, freezes
melts, melts
freezes, freezes
freezes, melts
15. The natural shifting of a river’s course has caused the river to separate into two branches. One branch continues in the river’s previous course. The other branch takes a new route across the land. Eventually, it empties into the ocean. Which landform will most likely form where the new branch empties into the ocean?
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1 point
delta
mountain
hill
canyon
16. How did the success of photosynthetic bacteria change Earth’s atmosphere?
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1 point
increased oxygen concentration
decreased oxygen concentration
increased hydrogen concentration
decreased hydrogen concentration
17. Which statement about biodiversity in coral reefs is accurate?
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1 point
Most organisms that live in coral reef habitats are zooxanthellae.
More new species have evolved in coral reef habitats than in most other types of habitats.
Species that evolved in coral reef habitats always stay in those habitats.
Coral reefs have much biodiversity, but most species that live there migrated from other habitats.
18. The weathering of four different rock samples with different masses was studied. Each rock sample was placed in a separate beaker containing 500 milliliters of a dilute acid for 10 minutes. Bubbling was observed in some of the beakers. The data table below shows the mass of each sample, in grams, before placement in the acid and after removal from the acid.
Which Earth process is being modeled in this experiment?
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1 point
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chemical weathering
physical weathering
erosion
photosynthesis
19. Base your answers on the diagram and data table below. The diagram shows the equipment used to determine the factors affecting the rate of erosion in a stream. The data table shows the time it took a 10-gram sample of quartz sand to move 100 centimeters down the rain gutter under various conditions.
What is the relationship between the water velocity and the rate of erosion?
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1 point
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If the water velocity decreases, the rate of erosion increases
If the water velocity remains constant, the rate of erosion decreases.
If the water velocity increases, the rate of erosion increases.
If the water velocity remains constant, the rate of erosion increases.
19a. In this experiment, the water velocity could be increased by
1 point
increasing the amount of water from the faucet
decreasing the slope of the rain gutter
lowering the flexible hose
widening the rain gutter
20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a profile (cross section) of a stream. Points A through E are locations along the stream.
The primary force responsible for the flow of water in this stream is
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1 point
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solar energy
wind
magnetic fields
gravity
8. strong winds.
9. Cyanobacteria produced oxygen, Single-celled organisms produced methane, multi-cellular organisms began to form, fish, amphibians, reptiles and then mammals.
10. deposition of sediments.
11. The coastline now has less protection against erosion. The coral reef now has less protection against deposition.
12. It aids in changing the chemical composition of rock.
13. decomposition of rock when exposed to acidic plants.
14. freezes, melts.
15. delta.
16. increased oxygen concentration.
17. Coral reefs have much biodiversity, but most species that live there migrated from other habitats.
18. chemical weathering.
19. If the water velocity increases, the rate of erosion increases.
19a. increasing the amount of water from the faucet.
20. gravity.