ZHOU rulers claim that they had one that mandate of heaven because they
Brought the warning state period to an end
Were victorious over the Shanghai
Were chosen as rulers by
Serve the interest of powerful warlords
The mandate of heaven was a belief in ancient China that the rulers of the Zhou dynasty were chosen by the gods to rule. According to this belief, the gods would grant the mandate of heaven to a ruler who was just, virtuous, and capable of governing the people effectively. If a ruler failed to meet these criteria, it was believed that the gods would withdraw their mandate and the ruler would lose their legitimacy to rule.
The Zhou rulers claimed that they had the mandate of heaven for several reasons:
1. Brought the warning state period to an end: The Zhou dynasty came to power after overthrowing the previous Shang dynasty, which was accused of being corrupt and oppressive. The Zhou claimed that they had succeeded in bringing an end to the warning state period, a time of chaos and unrest, and had established a more just and stable government. They argued that this achievement proved their legitimacy as rulers with the mandate of heaven.
2. Were victorious over the Shang: The Zhou rulers claimed that their military victory over the Shang dynasty was a sign that they had the favor of the gods. They believed that their success in battle was evidence of their righteous rule and their divine approval.
3. Were chosen as rulers by the gods: The Zhou rulers argued that they had been personally chosen by the gods to rule. They believed that they were descended from the legendary figure of King Wen, who was said to have received a mandate from heaven to rule. The Zhou claimed that this divine selection gave them the legitimacy and authority to govern.
4. Served the interest of powerful warlords: The Zhou rulers also maintained their mandate of heaven by serving the interests of powerful warlords and nobles. They allowed these regional leaders to maintain their authority and privileges, while still recognizing the overall authority of the Zhou dynasty. By appeasing and involving these regional power players, the Zhou rulers maintained their hold on power and legitimacy.
Overall, the claim of the mandate of heaven allowed the Zhou rulers to legitimize their rule and maintain order within the kingdom. It provided a justification for their authority and helped ensure the loyalty and obedience of their subjects.