Through which process is energy transferred to a molecule that the cell can use as fuel for its various activities?
By the linking of nucleic acids, the cell produces DNA.
By the addition of a phosphate group, ADP is converted to ATP.
By the linking of amino acids, the cell produces proteins.
By the removal of a phosphate group, ADP is converted to ATP.
By the addition of a phosphate group, ADP is converted to ATP.
Where do the reactions of the electron transport chain occur?
within the mitochondrion’s inner membrane
within the cell’s cytoplasm
inside the cell membrane
within the mitochondrion’s matrix
within the mitochondrion’s inner membrane
How does an animal cell react when there is no glucose available to carry out cellular respiration?
It carries out ethyl alcohol fermentation.
It breaks down polysaccharides such as starch.
It carries out lactic acid fermentation.
It produces other sugars through photosynthesis.
It carries out lactic acid fermentation.
The correct answer is: By the removal of a phosphate group, ADP is converted to ATP.
To understand why, let's break it down:
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of cells. It stores chemical energy that can be readily used by cells to power various biological processes.
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is a precursor to ATP. It has two phosphate groups, while ATP has three. When energy is needed, a phosphate group is removed from ATP, resulting in the formation of ADP and a free phosphate group. This process is called dephosphorylation. The release of the phosphate group provides energy that the cell can use for activities such as muscle contraction, active transport, and cell division.
Conversely, when the cell needs to store energy, it can undergo a process called phosphorylation. In this process, a phosphate group is added to ADP, resulting in the formation of ATP. This typically occurs in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, where energy is generated.
So, in summary, the process through which energy is transferred to a molecule that the cell can use as fuel for its various activities is by the removal of a phosphate group, converting ADP to ATP.