The Moors were Muslim inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa who invaded and ruled over Spain from the 8th to the 15th century. Their rule brought significant cultural, scientific, and architectural contributions to Spain, including advancements in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, literature, and architecture. They also promoted trade and created a flourishing intellectual and artistic environment. However, their rule also caused tension and conflicts with the Christian kingdoms in Spain, eventually leading to the Reconquista, a centuries-long campaign to expel the Moors from the Iberian Peninsula.
