In this project you will compare and contrast the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. First, you will complete a worksheet and Venn diagram.
Title: Comparing Ancient Greek and Roman Civilizations
Introduction:
The ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome, though distinct and separate entities, shared notable similarities and differences. By completing a worksheet and Venn diagram, we will explore these similarities and differences in various aspects of their societies.
Worksheet: Comparing Ancient Greek and Roman Civilizations
Part 1: Political Systems
Greek Civilization:
1. Polis (city-states) with unique governments such as democracy (Athens), oligarchy (Sparta), or monarchy (various city-states).
2. Emphasis on citizen participation, especially in democratic city-states.
3. Policy decisions made in assemblies, with varying levels of power granted to citizens.
Roman Civilization:
1. Republican system of government with elected officials and a two-part legislative assembly (Senate and Assembly of Tribes).
2. Power concentrated in the hands of the elite, specifically the Roman Senate.
3. Eventually transform the Republic into an autocratic empire under Julius Caesar.
Similarities:
- Both civilizations developed governmental systems that allowed citizen participation, although to different degrees.
- The influence of Greece can be seen in Rome's early republican system.
Differences:
- Greek civilization primarily existed as independent city-states, while Rome was originally formed as a republic that expanded into an empire.
- Greek democracy emphasized direct citizen participation, while Roman republicanism emphasized elected officials.
Part 2: Architecture and Engineering
Greek Civilization:
1. Invented the architectural style of the classical orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian).
2. Focused on creating monumental structures, such as temples, theaters, and stadia.
3. Employed optical refinements and mathematical precision in their structures.
Roman Civilization:
1. Utilized a combination of Greek and Etruscan architectural styles.
2. Known for their innovation in engineering, including aqueducts, roads, bridges, and amphitheaters (e.g., Colosseum).
3. Emphasized functional aspects, aiming to improve the efficiency and grandeur of their architectural projects.
Similarities:
- Roman architecture heavily drew inspiration from Greek architectural styles.
- Both civilizations aimed to create impressive and functional structures.
Differences:
- Greeks focused on aesthetic perfection and mathematical precision, while Romans emphasized functionality and engineering innovations.
- Romans excelled in engineering endeavors by constructing infrastructural marvels like aqueducts and roads.
Venn Diagram: Ancient Greek and Roman Civilizations
[Refer to the completed Venn diagram that depicts shared and unique aspects between the two civilizations.]
Conclusion:
Through this worksheet and Venn diagram, we have explored and compared various aspects of the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. While undoubtedly influenced by the Greeks, Romans developed distinct political systems, emphasizing their republican governance and eventual transformation into an empire. Architecturally, the Greeks prioritized aesthetic perfection and mathematical precision, while the Romans gained fame for their engineering prowess and functional structures. By understanding both the similarities and differences, we gain a deeper appreciation for these remarkable ancient civilizations and their contributions to human history.