What major advancements in theatrical lighting occurred in the 20th century?
a
Use of electric lighting, dimmers, and lighting control systems
b
Development of projection design
c
Introduction of the box set design
d
Use of rotating periaktoi
a) Use of electric lighting, dimmers, and lighting control systems: In the 20th century, the use of electric lighting became commonplace in theatrical productions. Previously, gas lamps and candles were used to light stages, but electric lighting provided a much safer and more controllable option. Additionally, the invention of dimmers allowed for the adjustment of brightness, creating more dynamic and visually appealing lighting designs. Lighting control systems also emerged, allowing for more precise control over individual fixtures and creating intricate lighting effects.
b) Development of projection design: The 20th century saw significant advancements in projection design, which revolutionized theatrical lighting. Projectors became smaller, more powerful, and easier to use, allowing for the projection of images, patterns, videos, and textures onto the stage. This enhanced the visual storytelling capabilities of productions and opened up new possibilities for creative lighting designs.
c) Introduction of the box set design: While not directly related to lighting, the introduction of the box set design in the 20th century had a significant impact on how lighting was utilized in theatrical productions. The box set design refers to a three-dimensional, realistic set that resembles the interior of a room or building. This design allowed for more realistic lighting designs, as the set provided walls and surfaces for light to interact with, creating shadows, reflections, and highlighting specific areas more convincingly.
d) Use of rotating periaktoi: A periaktos is a triangular prism-shaped scenery piece with different scenic elements on each face. The use of rotating periaktoi in the 20th century allowed for quick scene changes and the ability to present multiple locations on a single stage. These rotating units could be lit from different angles or with different colors, adding depth and variety to the lighting design.