Earthquake and tsunamis quick check answers
1. What is an earthquake?
An earthquake is a sudden shaking or trembling of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface.
2. What is a tsunami?
A tsunami is a series of large ocean waves usually caused by an underwater earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide.
3. What causes earthquakes?
Earthquakes are primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates, which are large sections of the Earth's crust that float on the semi-fluid mantle below.
4. What causes tsunamis?
Tsunamis are usually caused by underwater earthquakes. When the earth's plates shift during an earthquake, they can displace large volumes of water, creating powerful waves.
5. What are the primary effects of earthquakes?
The primary effects of earthquakes include shaking or vibrating of the ground, destruction of buildings and infrastructure, landslides, and the release of gases and chemicals.
6. What are the primary effects of tsunamis?
The primary effects of tsunamis include flooding of coastal areas, destruction of buildings and infrastructure, displacement of people, and loss of life.
7. How can earthquakes and tsunamis be measured?
Earthquakes can be measured using a seismograph, which records the intensity and duration of the shaking. Tsunamis can be detected using underwater buoys and tsunami warning systems.
8. How can people prepare for earthquakes and tsunamis?
People can prepare for earthquakes and tsunamis by creating an emergency response plan, having emergency supplies such as food and water, securing heavy objects, and knowing the evacuation routes and safe areas in their community.
9. What are some ways to minimize the impact of earthquakes and tsunamis?
Some ways to minimize the impact of earthquakes and tsunamis include implementing strict building codes, constructing tsunami walls or barriers, early warning systems, and educating people about safety measures.
10. What are some famous earthquakes and tsunamis in history?
Some famous earthquakes and tsunamis in history include the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, and the 1964 Great Alaska earthquake and tsunami.