in what 2 stages of the dtm does the birth rate fluctuate
The birth rate tends to fluctuate in the second and third stages of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM).
In the second stage, also known as the transitional stage, the birth rate remains high, while the death rate starts to decline due to improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and living conditions. This leads to a rapid population growth during this stage.
In the third stage, also known as the industrial stage, both birth and death rates begin to decline, but the birth rate may still fluctuate. It can still be relatively high but starts to decrease gradually as societies continue to urbanize and industrialize. Factors such as increased access to education, improved economic opportunities for women, and the availability of family planning methods can contribute to fluctuations in the birth rate during this stage.