Explain the difference between birthright citizenship and naturalized citizenship in the U.S.
Birthright citizenship and naturalized citizenship are two different ways in which an individual can become a citizen of the United States. The key distinctions between the two are as follows:
1. Birthright citizenship: Also known as jus soli, birthright citizenship is automatically granted to individuals who are born within the territorial borders of the United States, regardless of the immigration status of their parents. The principle behind birthright citizenship is that anyone born on U.S. soil is entitled to be a citizen by birth. This concept is enshrined in the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which states that "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside."
2. Naturalized citizenship: Naturalized citizenship, on the other hand, is a process through which foreign-born individuals who meet certain eligibility criteria can become a U.S. citizen. To become naturalized, non-citizens must typically have a lawful permanent residency status (green card) for a certain period of time, usually five years. They need to meet various requirements, including demonstrating good moral character, passing a test covering U.S. history and government, and being proficient in English. Naturalization requires submitting an application, attending an interview, and passing the naturalization test. Once the process is successfully completed, the individual receives a certificate of naturalization and gains all the rights, privileges, and responsibilities of a U.S. citizen, except for certain limitations tied to holding specific public offices.
In summary, birthright citizenship is granted to individuals born on U.S. soil, regardless of their parents' nationality, while naturalized citizenship is a voluntary process pursued by foreign-born individuals who fulfill specific requirements and seek U.S. citizenship through application and eligibility.