what is the process by which proteins are synthesized within cells?(1 point) responses
glycolysis glycolysis
photosynthesis photosynthesis
protein synthesis protein synthesis
protein digestion
The process by which proteins are synthesized within cells is known as:
protein synthesis
Protein synthesis is a two-step process consisting of transcription and translation. During transcription, the genetic code from DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA). Then, during translation, the mRNA is read by ribosomes in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and amino acids are assembled into proteins according to the sequence specified by the mRNA.
The role of mRNA in protein synthesis is to:
Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome
mRNA (messenger RNA) acts as a messenger that carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where protein synthesis takes place. The ribosome reads the sequence on the mRNA to assemble amino acids in the correct order to form a specific protein.
During translation, the role of tRNA (transfer RNA) is to:
Transports amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly
tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they match their anticodon with the corresponding codon on the mRNA sequence. This ensures that the amino acids are added in the correct order according to the genetic information encoded by mRNA, facilitating the assembly of the protein.
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?(1 point) Responses
Directly assembles amino acids into proteins Directly assembles amino acids into proteins
Provides energy for protein formation Provides energy for protein formation
Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome
Breaks down proteins for recycling
During translation, what is the role of tRNA?(1 point) Responses
Converts mRNA into functional protein Converts mRNA into functional protein
Copies the DNA code into mRNA Copies the DNA code into mRNA
Regulates the rate of protein synthesis Regulates the rate of protein synthesis
Transports amino acids to the ribosome for protein assembly
The process by which proteins are synthesized within cells is called protein synthesis. Protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation.
1. Transcription: In the nucleus, DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) molecule. An enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific region on the DNA, called the promoter, and begins to unwind the DNA helix. RNA polymerase then synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule by adding nucleotides that are complementary to the DNA sequence. This process continues until the RNA polymerase reaches a specific DNA sequence called the terminator. The newly synthesized pre-mRNA molecule is then modified by removing certain non-coding regions, known as introns, and joining the coding regions, known as exons, together to form a mature mRNA molecule.
2. Translation: The mature mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where it attaches to a ribosome. Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons (three-nucleotide sequences) on the mRNA. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific codon on the mRNA. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, it reads the codons and matches them with the appropriate tRNA molecules. The ribosome catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids carried by the tRNA molecules, resulting in the synthesis of a polypeptide chain. This chain folds into a functional protein.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "protein synthesis".