A student performs two investigations of force and acceleration. In the first investigation, she pushes objects with different masses using the same amount of force. In the second investigation, the student pushes objects with the same masses using different amounts of force. The results of both investigations are shown. Which claim and argument can the student make using her data?
Captionless Image
Responses
Claim: With a constant force, the acceleration of the objects is proportional to the mass of the objects. Evidence: The acceleration of the objects increases as the masses of the objects increase.
Claim: With a constant force, the acceleration of the objects is proportional to the mass of the objects. Evidence: The acceleration of the objects increases as the masses of the objects increase.
Claim: With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration. Evidence: As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects decreases.
Claim: With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration. Evidence: As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects decreases.
Claim: With a constant force, the acceleration of the objects is proportional to the mass of the objects. Evidence: The acceleration of the objects decreases as the masses of the objects decrease.
Claim: With a constant force, the acceleration of the objects is proportional to the mass of the objects. Evidence: The acceleration of the objects decreases as the masses of the objects decrease.
Claim: With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration. Evidence: As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects increases.
To generate accurate claims and arguments based on the described investigations, we must rely on Newton's second law of motion, which states that acceleration is proportional to the net force applied to an object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object (a = F/m).
For the first investigation, the student applies a constant force to objects of different masses. According to Newton's second law, if the force is constant and the mass increases, the acceleration should decrease. Thus, the correct claim and evidence from the first investigation would be:
Claim: With a constant force, the acceleration of the objects is inversely proportional to the mass of the objects.
Evidence: The acceleration of the objects decreases as the masses of the objects increase.
For the second investigation, the student applies different amounts of force to objects of the same mass. Newton's second law predicts that if the mass is constant, the acceleration should be directly proportional to the force applied. Therefore, the correct claim and evidence from the second investigation would be:
Claim: With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration.
Evidence: As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects also increases.
The correct claims from the responses provided are thus:
- For the first investigation (constant force, different masses): Incorrect claims are listed; the documentation shows the correct claim is missing.
- For the second investigation (constant mass, different forces): The correct claim is "With a constant mass, the amount of force applied to the objects is proportional to their acceleration." with the evidence being "As the force on the objects increases, the acceleration of the objects increases."
Please note: As the descriptions for "responses" do not display any data, I am basing my answers solely on the principles of physics and the descriptions of the investigations provided in your question. If there was image-based data supposed to be interpreted, it is missing from the question.