Restriction enzymes cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides. Why would these biotechnology tools be useful in creating a genetically modified organism?
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a
They allow the desired gene to be placed in a specific location.
b
They cause massive mutations, leading to many changes in the host organism.
c
They directly add all needed chromosomes to the organism's ge
The correct answer is:
a) They allow the desired gene to be placed in a specific location.
Explanation:
Restriction enzymes are useful biotechnology tools because they can specifically recognize and cut DNA at specific sequences of nucleotides. These specific sequences are called recognition sites. By using different restriction enzymes, scientists can cut DNA at specific locations and then manipulate and recombine the DNA fragments.
In the context of creating a genetically modified organism (GMO), restriction enzymes are used to insert desired genes into the organism's DNA. This process involves two main steps:
1. Cloning the desired gene: The gene of interest, which may come from a different organism or be synthetically designed, is isolated and cut using a restriction enzyme. This allows the gene to be inserted into another DNA molecule, such as a plasmid.
2. Inserting the gene into the host organism: The plasmid containing the desired gene is introduced into the host organism, and the gene is inserted into the organism's DNA at a specific location. This can be done using techniques like transformation, where the host organism takes up the foreign DNA, or using viral vectors.
By using restriction enzymes, scientists can precisely insert the desired gene into a specific location in the host organism's genome. This allows for targeted genetic modifications, ensuring that the desired gene is expressed correctly and giving researchers control over the traits or characteristics that the genetically modified organism will exhibit.