Restriction enzymes cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides. Why would these biotechnology tools be useful in creating a genetically modified organism?
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a
They allow the desired gene to be placed in a specific location.
b
They cause massive mutations, leading to many changes in the host organism.
c
They directly add all needed chromosomes to the organism's genome.
d
They create promoter regions for accelerated transcription.
The correct answer is option a: They allow the desired gene to be placed in a specific location.
Restriction enzymes are biotechnology tools that cut DNA at specific sequences of nucleotides, known as restriction sites. These enzymes are naturally produced by bacteria as a defense mechanism against viruses. Researchers have harnessed the ability of restriction enzymes to manipulate DNA to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
To create a genetically modified organism, scientists typically want to insert a specific gene of interest into the organism's DNA. Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA at a specific location, creating a "sticky end." This sticky end can then be combined with the gene of interest, which has also been cut using the same restriction enzyme. The sticky ends will naturally join together in a process called ligation, effectively "pasting" the desired gene into the organism's DNA.
By using restriction enzymes, researchers can precisely locate where the new gene is inserted into the organism's DNA. This allows for targeted gene insertion, ensuring that the desired gene is placed in a specific location. Placing the gene in the correct location is important because it can influence how the gene is expressed and regulated by the organism's own cellular machinery.
Therefore, the ability of restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sequences is a crucial tool in creating genetically modified organisms by allowing the desired gene to be placed in a specific location.