Write a short note on the: Turgid it y and biological significance
Turgidity refers to the state of being turgid, which means swollen or distended. In biological terms, turgidity is the condition in which plant cells are filled with water, causing them to become swollen and rigid. It is mainly due to the osmotic flow of water into the plant cells.
The turgor pressure created by the water inside the cells enables plants to maintain their shape and remain upright. This pressure also allows plants to extend their leaves, stems, and roots, facilitating growth and mechanical support. Turgidity is especially crucial for non-woody plants, as it prevents wilting and ensures that the plant remains upright.
Turgidity plays a significant role in various biological processes. For instance, the opening and closing of stomata in leaves are regulated by the turgor pressure. When the guard cells surrounding the stomata are turgid, they will bulge and create an opening for gas exchange and water vapor loss. However, when they become flaccid, the stomata close, minimizing water loss and preventing desiccation.
Additionally, turgidity is essential for the process of photosynthesis. It helps in the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars within the plant's vascular system. The rigidity provided by turgid cells also enables plants to withstand external pressure from wind or other physical forces.
Overall, turgidity plays a vital role in maintaining the structure, growth, and functionality of plants. Without this phenomenon, plants would struggle to survive, as they would be unable to perform critical processes such as photosynthesis and water transport efficiently.