Pick ONE of these questions to answer. Write at least 3-4 sentences per question.
Define these terms: Gene, Chromosome, Genotype, and Phenotype.
Gene: A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for producing a specific protein or RNA molecule, which in turn determine the traits and characteristics of an organism. Genes are the basic units of heredity, and they are responsible for transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next.
Chromosome: A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made up of DNA and proteins, found within the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes carry genetic information in the form of genes and are responsible for the organization, replication, and distribution of genes during cell division. Humans typically have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
Genotype: Genotype refers to the entire genetic makeup of an organism, including all the genes present in its DNA sequence. It represents the genetic information an organism inherits from its parents. The genotype determines the potential range of traits that an organism can possess, and it can influence how these traits are expressed.
Phenotype: Phenotype refers to the observable physical and functional traits of an organism, resulting from the interaction between its genotype and the environment. It encompasses an organism's physical characteristics, behaviors, and physiological traits that can be directly observed or measured. Phenotype is the visible manifestation of an organism's genotype and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.