What were specific examples of what women were expected to do during the song dynasty
During the Song Dynasty (960-1279), women were expected to fulfill various roles and responsibilities in society. Here are a few specific examples of what women were expected to do during this period:
1. Marital expectations: Women were expected to marry and bear children at a young age. Their primary role within society was as a wife and mother. They were expected to be submissive to their husbands and follow their lead.
2. Household management: Women were responsible for managing the household, including taking care of the domestic activities. They oversaw household finances, supervised servants, managed resources, cooked, and ensured the family's well-being.
3. Education: While formal education was limited for women, they were encouraged to be knowledgeable in areas such as classical literature, poetry, calligraphy, and music. This education was often provided at home or through private tutors.
4. Social etiquette: Women were expected to adhere to strict social norms and etiquette. They had to maintain modesty, humility, and grace. This included following rules related to dressing, social interactions, and expressions of emotions.
5. Filial piety: Women were expected to display high levels of filial piety, which meant honoring and respecting their parents and in-laws. They were expected to take care of elderly family members, obey their parents' wishes, and perform ancestral rituals.
6. Footbinding: Footbinding was prevalent during this time, especially among affluent families. Women were expected to undergo footbinding, a painful practice meant to make their feet smaller and more delicate. This was considered a symbol of beauty and social status.
7. Artistic talent: Women from elite families were often encouraged to cultivate artistic talents, such as painting, poetry, and calligraphy. These skills were seen as a way for women to enhance their cultural refinement and to entertain guests.
It is important to note that while these were common expectations, the actual roles and expectations for women varied depending on their social status, economic status, and geographic location. Women from lower social classes often had greater autonomy and responsibilities outside the household, such as working in fields or family businesses.