(a) Explain how each of the following theories add to your understanding of leadership:
(i) Trait
(ii) Style
(iii) Contingency (10 marks)
(b) Describe two organisational situations where contrasting management styles would be
required for an effective outcome. (10 marks)
(a)
(i) Trait theory of leadership suggests that certain individuals possess inherent traits or characteristics that make them effective leaders. These traits may include confidence, decisiveness, intelligence, and integrity. By studying these traits, researchers aim to identify the common qualities of successful leaders. This theory helps us understand that leadership is not solely dependent on situational factors, but also on specific personal qualities of individuals.
(ii) Style theory of leadership focuses on different leadership styles adopted by leaders. It suggests that leaders have their unique way of approaching and handling situations. Some leaders may be autocratic and make decisions without involving others, while some may be democratic and involve their team in decision-making. Understanding different leadership styles helps us realize the importance of adapting our approach according to the needs and preferences of our team members.
(iii) Contingency theory of leadership emphasizes that effective leadership is contingent upon the match between the leader's style and the specific situational context. It suggests that there is no one-size-fits-all leadership style, and the most effective style may vary depending on the situation. For example, in a crisis situation, a directive leadership style may be more effective, while in a creative and innovative project, a more participative leadership style may be required. This theory adds to our understanding by highlighting the importance of flexibility and adapting our leadership style to suit different situations.
(b)
1) Change Management: When implementing major organizational changes, such as restructuring or introducing new technology, a contrasting management style may be required. In this situation, a more directive and autocratic management style may be necessary initially to ensure a smooth transition and adherence to the planned changes. However, once the changes have been implemented, a more participative and democratic management style may be required to involve employees in decision-making and empower them to take ownership of the new processes.
2) Crisis Management: During a crisis, such as a natural disaster or a significant financial setback, a contrasting management style may be necessary. Initially, a more directive and authoritative management style may be required to ensure quick decision-making and control over the situation. However, as the crisis is dealt with and the organization recovers, a more collaborative and participative management style may be needed to rebuild trust, motivate employees, and foster innovation for long-term growth.