The type of relationship signaled by the transition "as a result" is 4. Cause and Effect.
The type of relationship signaled by the transition "as a result" is 4. Cause and Effect. This is because the sentence states that Joe trained all summer long, and as a result of his training, he made the track team. The action of Joe training is the cause, and making the track team is the effect. Therefore, "as a result" indicates a cause and effect relationship between the two sentences.