The type of relationship signaled by the transition "as a result" is cause and effect. This is because it shows that Joe making the track team is the direct outcome or consequence of him training all summer long. To identify the relationship between the sentences, you can look for words or phrases such as "cause," "effect," "result," "consequence," or transitional phrases like "as a result," "therefore," or "thus." In this case, "as a result" indicates that Joe making the track team is the effect or outcome of his summer-long training.
