Grade 12 Chemistry
State which law of thermodynamics each statement corresponds to.
a. “A system can never reach a temperature of 0 K.”
b. “Heat will never of itself flow from a cold object to a hot object.”
c. “Whenever heat is added to a system, it transforms to an equal amount of some other
form of energy.”
a. This statement corresponds to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, which states that it is impossible to reach absolute zero (0 K) through any finite number of processes.
b. This statement corresponds to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, specifically the principle of Carnot's Theorem, which states that in a closed system, heat will naturally flow from a hot object to a cold object, and not the other way around.
c. This statement corresponds to the First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy. It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.
a. This statement corresponds to the Third Law of Thermodynamics.
b. This statement corresponds to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
c. This statement corresponds to the First Law of Thermodynamics.
To determine which laws of thermodynamics each statement corresponds to, we need to consider the laws and their principles.
The laws of thermodynamics are a set of fundamental principles that govern energy transfer in physical systems. There are four laws in total:
1. The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics: This law establishes the concept of temperature and thermal equilibrium. It states that if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
2. The First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Energy Conservation): This law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. It includes both heat and work as forms of energy transfer.
3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics: This law introduces the concept of entropy and addresses the direction of heat flow. It states that heat naturally flows from a higher temperature region to a lower temperature region and that entropy of an isolated system tends to increase over time.
4. The Third Law of Thermodynamics: This law focuses on the behavior of systems as they approach absolute zero temperature (0 K). It states that it is impossible to reach absolute zero through any finite number of processes.
Now, let's match the given statements with the corresponding law:
a. "A system can never reach a temperature of 0 K."
This statement corresponds to the Third Law of Thermodynamics, which states that a system cannot reach absolute zero (0 K) through any finite number of processes.
b. "Heat will never of itself flow from a cold object to a hot object."
This statement corresponds to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which encompasses the principle that heat flows spontaneously from a higher temperature region to a lower temperature region.
c. "Whenever heat is added to a system, it transforms to an equal amount of some other form of energy."
This statement corresponds to the First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Energy Conservation. It states that when heat is added to a system, it will be converted into an equal amount of another form of energy, such as potential energy or mechanical energy.
By understanding the principles and concepts behind each law, we can identify which law of thermodynamics corresponds to each statement.